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<h1>GNU Make Standard Library</h1>
The GNU Make Standard Library (GMSL) is a collection of functions
implemented using native GNU Make functionality that provide list and
string manipulation, integer arithmetic, associative arrays, stacks,
and debugging facilities.&nbsp; The GMSL is released under the BSD License.<br>
<br>
<a href="https://github.com/jgrahamc/gmsl/">[Project Page]</a>
<a href="https://github.com/jgrahamc/gmsl/releases/">[Releases]</a>
<br>
<h2>Using GMSL</h2>
The two files needed are <span style="font-family: monospace;">gmsl</span>
and <span style="font-family: monospace;">__gmsl</span>.&nbsp; To
include the GMSL in your Makefile do<br>
<pre style="margin-left: 40px;">include gmsl</pre>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">gmsl</span> automatically includes<span style="font-family: monospace;"> __gmsl</span>.&nbsp; To check that
you have the right version of <span style="font-family: monospace;">gmsl</span>
use the <span style="font-family: monospace;">gmsl_compatible</span>
function (see
below). The current version is <span style="font-family: monospace;">1 2 0</span>.<br>
<br>
The GMSL package also includes a test suite for GMSL.&nbsp; Just run <span style="font-family: monospace;">make -f gmsl-tests</span>.<br>
<h2>Logical Operators</h2>GMSL has boolean $(true) (a non-empty string)
and $(false) (an empty string).&nbsp; The following operators can be
used with those variables.<br>
<br>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">not</span><br>

<br>

<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: A boolean value</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">

<span style="font-family: monospace;">Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp; Returns $(true) if the boolean is $(false) and vice versa</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">

<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px; font-family: monospace;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">and</span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: Two boolean values</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp; Returns $(true) if both of the booleans are true</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px; font-family: monospace;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">or</span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: Two boolean values</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp; Returns $(true) if either of the booleans is true</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px; font-family: monospace;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">xor</span><br style="font-weight: bold;">
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: Two boolean values</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp; Returns $(true) if exactly one of the booleans is true</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px; font-family: monospace;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">nand</span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: Two boolean values</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp; Returns value of 'not and'</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px; font-family: monospace;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">nor</span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: Two boolean values</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp; Returns value of 'not or'</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px; font-family: monospace;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">xnor</span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: Two boolean values</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp; Returns value of 'not xor'</span><br style="font-family: monospace;">
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px; font-family: monospace;">
<h2>List Manipulation Functions</h2>
&nbsp;A list is a string of characters; the list separator is a space.<br>

<br>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><b>first</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A list<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the first element of a list<br>
</span>
<hr><b>last</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A list<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the last element of a list<br>
</span>
<hr><b>rest</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A list<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the list with the first element
removed<br>
</span>
<hr><b>chop</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A list<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the list with the last element removed<br>
</span>
<hr><b>map</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of function to
$(call) for each element of list<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: List to
iterate over calling the function in 1<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The list after calling the function on each
element<br>
</span>
<hr><b>pairmap</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of function to
$(call) for each pair of elements<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: List to
iterate over calling the function in 1<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3: Second
list to iterate over calling the function in 1<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The list after calling the function on each
pair of elements<br>
</span>
<hr><b>leq</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A list to compare
against...<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: ...this
list<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns $(true) if the two lists are identical<br>
</span>
<hr><b>lne</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A list to compare
against...<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: ...this
list<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns $(true) if the two lists are different<br>
</span>
<hr><b>reverse</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A list to reverse<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The list with its elements in reverse order<br>
</span>
<hr><b>uniq</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A list to deduplicate<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The list with elements in order without duplicates<br>
</span>
<hr><b>length</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A list<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The number of elements in the list<br>
</span>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span>
<h2>String Manipulation Functions</h2>
A string is any sequence of characters.<br>
<br>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><b>seq</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A string to compare
against...<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: ...this
string<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns $(true) if the two strings are
identical<br>
</span>
<hr><b>sne</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A string to compare
against...<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: ...this
string<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns $(true) if the two strings are not
the same<br>
</span>
<hr><b>strlen</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A string<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the length of the string<br>
</span>
<hr><b>substr</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A string<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: Start offset (first character is 1)<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3: Ending offset (inclusive)<br>Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns a substring<br>
</span>
<hr><b>split</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: The character to
split on<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: A
string to split<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Splits a string into a list separated by
spaces at the split<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; character
in the first argument<br>
</span>
<hr><b>merge</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: The character to
put between fields<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: A list
to merge into a string<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Merges a list into a single string, list
elements are separated<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; by the
character in the first argument<br>
</span>
<hr><b>tr</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: The list of
characters to translate from <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: The
list of characters to translate to<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3: The
text to translate<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the text after translating characters<br>
</span>
<hr><b>uc</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Text to upper case<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the text in upper case<br>
</span>
<hr><b>lc</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Text to lower case<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the text in lower case<br>
</span>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span>
<h2>Set Manipulation Functions</h2>
Sets are represented by sorted, deduplicated lists.  To create a set
from a list use <span style="font-family:
monospace;">set_create</span>, or start with the <span
style="font-family: monospace;">empty_set</span> and <span
style="font-family: monospace;">set_insert</span> individual elements.
The empty set is defined as <span style="font-family:
monospace;">empty_set</span>.<p>

<hr><b>set_create</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A list of set elements<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the newly created set<br>
</span>

<hr><b>set_insert</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A single element to add to a set<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2: A set<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the set with the element added<br>
</span>

<hr><b>set_remove</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A single element to remove from a set<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2: A set<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the set with the element removed<br>
</span>

<hr><b>set_is_member</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A single element<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2: A set<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns $(true) if the element is in the set<br>
</span>

<hr><b>set_is_not_member</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A single element<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2: A set<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns $(false) if the element is in the set<br>
</span>

<hr><b>set_union</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A set<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2: Another set<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the union of the two sets<br>
</span>

<hr><b>set_intersection</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A set<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2: Another set<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the intersection of the two sets<br>
</span>

<hr><b>set_is_subset</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A set<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2: Another set<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns $(true) if the first set is a subset of the second<br>
</span>

<hr><b>set_equal</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A set<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2: Another set<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns $(true) if the two sets are identical<br>
</span>

<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span>
<h2>Integer Arithmetic Functions</h2>
Integers are represented by lists with the equivalent number of
x's.&nbsp; For example the number 4 is x x x x.&nbsp; The maximum
integer that the library can handle as <span style="font-style: italic;">input</span> (i.e. as the argument to a
call to <span style="font-family: monospace;">int_encode</span>) is
65536. There is no limit on integer size for internal computations or
output.<br>
<br>
The arithmetic library functions come in two forms: one form of each
function takes integers as arguments and the other form takes the
encoded form (x's created by a call to <span style="font-family: monospace;">int_encode</span>).&nbsp; For example,
there are two plus functions: <span style="font-family: monospace;">plus</span>
(called with integer arguments and returns an integer) and <span style="font-family: monospace;">int_plus</span> (called with encoded
arguments and returns an encoded result).<br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">plus</span> will be slower than <span style="font-family: monospace;">int_plus</span> because its arguments
and result have to be translated between the x's format and
integers.&nbsp; If doing a complex calculation use the <span style="font-family: monospace;">int_*</span> forms with a single
encoding of inputs and single decoding of the output.&nbsp; For simple
calculations the direct forms can be used.<br>
<br>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><b>int_decode</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number of x's
representation<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the integer for human consumption
that is represented<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; by the
string of x's<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_encode</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in
human-readable integer form<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the integer encoded as a string of x's<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_plus</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in x's
representation<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: Another
number in x's represntation<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the sum of the two numbers in x's
representation<br>
</span>
<hr><b>plus (wrapped version of int_plus)</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: Another
integer<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the sum of the two integers<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_subtract</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in x's
representation<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: Another
number in x's represntation<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the difference of the two numbers in
x's representation,<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; or outputs
an error on a numeric underflow<br>
</span>
<hr><b>subtract (wrapped version of int_subtract)</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: Another
integer<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the difference of the two integers,<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; or outputs
an error on a numeric underflow<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_multiply</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in x's
representation<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: Another
number in x's represntation<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the product of the two numbers in x's
representation<br>
</span>
<hr><b>multiply (wrapped version of int_multiply)</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: Another
integer<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the product of the two integers<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_divide</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in x's
representation<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: Another
number in x's represntation<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the result of integer division of
argument 1 divided<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; by
argument 2 in x's representation<br>
</span>
<hr><b>divide (wrapped version of int_divide)</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: Another
integer<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the integer division of the first
argument by the second<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_modulo</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in x's
representation<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: Another
number in x's represntation<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the remainder of integer division of
argument 1 divided<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; by
argument 2 in x's representation<br>
</span>
<hr><b>modulo (wrapped version of int_modulo)</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: Another
integer<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the remainder of integer division of the first
argument by the second<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_max, int_min</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in x's
representation<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: Another
number in x's represntation<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the maximum or minimum of its
arguments in x's<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
representation<br>
</span>
<hr><b>max, min</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: Another
integer<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns the maximum or minimum of its integer
arguments<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_gt, int_gte, int_lt, int_lte, int_eq, int_ne</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: Two x's representation
numbers to be compared<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$(true) or $(false)<br>
<br>
int_gt First argument greater than second argument<br>
int_gte First argument greater than or equal to second argument<br>
int_lt First argument less than second argument <br>
int_lte First argument less than or equal to second argument<br>
int_eq First argument is numerically equal to the second argument<br>
int_ne First argument is not numerically equal to the second argument<br>
</span>
<hr><b>gt, gte, lt, lte, eq, ne</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: Two integers to be
compared<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$(true) or $(false)<br>
<br>
gt First argument greater than second argument<br>
gte First argument greater than or equal to second argument<br>
lt First argument less than second argument <br>
lte First argument less than or equal to second argument<br>
eq First argument is numerically equal to the second argument<br>
ne First argument is not numerically equal to the second argument<br>
</span>
increment adds 1 to its argument, decrement subtracts 1. Note that<br>
decrement does not range check and hence will not underflow, but<br>
will incorrectly say that 0 - 1 = 0<br>
<hr><b>int_inc</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in x's
representation<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The number incremented by 1 in x's
representation<br>
</span>
<hr><b>inc</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The argument incremented by 1<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_dec</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in x's
representation<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The number decremented by 1 in x's
representation<br>
</span>
<hr><b>dec</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The argument decremented by 1<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_double</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in x's
representation<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The number doubled (i.e. * 2) and returned in
x's representation<br>
</span>
<hr><b>double</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The integer times 2<br>
</span>
<hr><b>int_halve</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A number in x's
representation<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The number halved (i.e. / 2) and returned in
x's representation<br>
</span>
<hr><b>halve</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The integer divided by 2<br>
</span>
<hr><b>sequence</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: An integer<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The sequence [arg1 arg2] if arg1 >= arg2 or [arg2 arg1] if arg2 > arg1<br>
</span>
<hr><b>dec2hex, dec2bin, dec2oct</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: An integer<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The decimal argument converted to hexadecimal, binary or octal<br>
</span>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span>
<h2>Associative Arrays</h2>
An associate array maps a key value (a string with no spaces in it) to
a single value (any string).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>
<b><br>
</b>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><b>set</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of associative
array<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: The key
value to associate<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3: The
value associated with the key<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nothing<br>
</span>
<hr><b>get</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of associative
array<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: The key
to retrieve<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The value stored in the array for that key<br>
</span>
<hr><b>keys</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of associative
array<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns a list of all defined keys in the
array<br>
</span>
<hr><b>defined</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of associative
array<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: The key
to test<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Returns true if the key is defined (i.e. not
empty)<br>
</span>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span>
<h2>Named Stacks</h2>
A stack is an ordered list of strings (with no spaces in them).<br>
<br>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><b>push</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of stack<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: Value
to push onto the top of the stack (must not contain<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; a space)<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;None<br>
</span>
<hr><b>pop</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of stack<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Top element from the stack after removing it<br>
</span>
<hr><b>peek</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of stack<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Top element from the stack without removing it<br>
</span>
<hr><b>depth</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of stack<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Number of items on the stack<br>
</span>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span>
<h2>Function memoization</h2>
To reduce the number of calls to slow functions (such as $(shell) a single memoization function is provided.<br>
<br>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><b>memoize</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of function to memoize<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: String argument for the function<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Result of $1 applied to $2 but only calls $1 once for each unique $2<br>
</span>

<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><span style="font-family: monospace;"></span>
<h2>Miscellaneous and Debugging Facilities</h2>
GMSL defines the following constants; all are accessed as normal GNU
Make variables by wrapping them in <span style="font-family: monospace;">$()</span> or <span style="font-family: monospace;">${}</span>.<br>
<br>
<table style="text-align: left;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td><span style="font-style: italic;">Constant</span><br>
      </td>
      <td><span style="font-style: italic;">Value</span><br>
      </td>
      <td><span style="font-style: italic;">Purpose</span><br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><span style="font-family: monospace;">true</span><br>
      </td>
      <td><span style="font-family: monospace;">T</span><br>
      </td>
      <td>Boolean for <span style="font-family: monospace;">$(if)</span>
and return from&nbsp; GMSL functions<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><span style="font-family: monospace;">false</span><br>
      </td>
      <td><br>
      </td>
      <td>Boolean for <span style="font-family: monospace;">$(if)</span>
and return from GMSL functions<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><span style="font-family: monospace;">gmsl_version</span><br>
      </td>
      <td><span style="font-family: monospace;">1 0 0</span><br>
      </td>
      <td>GMSL version number as list: major minor revision<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<span style="font-weight: bold;"><br>
gmsl_compatible</span><span style="font-family: monospace;"><br>
<br>
Arguments: List containing the desired library version number (maj min
rev)<br>
</span><span style="font-family: monospace;">Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;
$(true) if this version of the library is compatible<br>
</span><span style="font-family: monospace;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
with the requested version number, otherwise $(false)</span>
<hr><b>gmsl-print-% (target not a function)</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: The % should be
replaced by the name of a variable that you<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; wish to
print out.<br>
Action:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Echos the name of the variable that matches
the % and its value.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For
example, 'make gmsl-print-SHELL' will output the value of<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the SHELL
variable<br>
</span>
<hr><b>gmsl-echo-% (target not a function)</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: The % should be
replaced by the name of a variable that you<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; wish to
print out.<br>
Action:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Echos the value of the variable that matches
the %.<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For
example, 'make gmsl-echo-SHELL' will output the value of<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the SHELL
variable<br>
</span>
<hr><b>assert</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: A boolean that must
be true or the assertion will fail<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2: The
message to print with the assertion<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;None<br>
</span>
<hr><b>assert_exists</b><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: monospace;">Arguments: 1: Name of file that
must exist, if it is missing an assertion<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; will be
generated<br>
Returns:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;None<br>
</span>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"><br>
GMSL has a number of environment variables (or command-line overrides)
that control various bits of functionality:<br>
<br>
<table style="text-align: left;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td><span style="font-style: italic;">Variable</span><br>
      </td>
      <td><span style="font-style: italic;">Purpose</span><br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><span style="font-family: monospace;">GMSL_NO_WARNINGS</span><br>
      </td>
      <td>If set prevents GMSL from outputting warning messages:
artithmetic functions generate underflow warnings.<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><span style="font-family: monospace;">GMSL_NO_ERRORS</span><br>
      </td>
      <td>If set prevents GMSL from generating fatal errors: division
by zero or failed assertions are fatal.<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td><span style="font-family: monospace;">GMSL_TRACE</span><br>
      </td>
      <td>Enables function tracing.&nbsp; Calls to GMSL functions will
result in name and arguments being traced.<br>
      </td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>
<span style="font-family: monospace;"></span><br>
<hr>
Copyright (c) 2005-2022 <a href="https://www.jgc.org/">John Graham-Cumming</a>.<br>
<hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;">
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